What’s the Difference Between PNP and NPN? - Electronic Design
Oct 28, 2022 · 2. A PNP transistor has a layer of N-doped semiconductor between two layers of P-doped material. 3. An NPN transistor has a layer of P-doped semiconductor between two N-doped layers. The junctions ...
FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, and SDMA: Key Differences and …
Jan 22, 2013 · A good example is the widely used T1 transmission system, which has been used for years in the telecom industry. T1 lines carry up to 24 individual voice telephone calls on a single line (Fig. 2 ...
DC-DC Converter Design Basics (Part 3): Buck-Boost Converters
Oct 4, 2023 · A buck-boost converter is a type of switched-mode power supply that combines the principles of the buck converter and the boost converter in a single circuit. However, in many applications, such ...
What’s The Difference Between Watts And Volt-Amperes?
May 2, 2012 · W and VA are both units of measurement for power, but that’s where the similarity ends. Watts do work or generate heat, while volt-amperes simply provide you with information you need to size ...
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Understanding Modern Digital Modulation Techniques
Jul 14, 2021 · These techniques are used in many modern communication systems, such as cellular phones, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Common digital modulation techniques include amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency ...
Understanding EMI Filters: The Bare Essentials
Jul 19, 2021 · EMI is simply noise interference caused by external electromagnetic waves. EMI can lead to the performance degradation of any electrical equipment design within range by inducing unwanted currents ...
Fundamentals Of Crystal Oscillator Design
Sep 7, 2012 · Fundamentals Of Crystal Oscillator Design. Sept. 7, 2012. Primary design considerations for fundamental-mode oscillators using AT-cut crystals include load capacitance, negative resistance ...
Understanding Wireless Range Calculations | Electronic Design
Apr 3, 2013 · Maximum path loss = transmit power – receiver sensitivity + gains – losses – fade margin. V – maximum path loss = 20 – (–100) + 12 – 12 = 120 dB. Once the maximum path loss has been ...
3 Ways to Reduce Power-Supply Noise | Electronic Design
Jul 18, 2024 · Bonus. Filtering, bypass, and post-regulation are the three primary ways to reduce power-supply noise, but there are some less-used techniques. One is to use a battery to power your circuitry ...